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Improving Cotton Fibre Quality
Australia has a reputation of producing premium quality cotton, which supports the profitability of the crop. Crop management factors which increase/ optimize yield generally increase/optimize fibre quality. Optimizing fibre quality starts with good crop management and selecting the right variety.
Fibre growth and development is affected by most factors which influence plant growth. As the fibre is primarily cellulose, any influence on plant photosynthesis and production of carbohydrate will have a similar influence on fibre growth.
The fibers originate from the outer epidermal cells of the ovule, also called Seed Hair.
Fibers are single cells and can increase in length more than 1000 times. The main elongation occurs within the first 3 weeks after Anthesis. Fiber elongation is strongly driven by turgor, so plant water status will also affect fibre elongation in the period immediately following flowering.
Stresses such as high temperature, reduced carbohydrate supply and nutrient deficiency will reduce fibre elongation. Potassium deficiency can have a significant impact as it supports functions in enzyme systems and water use efficiency. During the elongation phase, potassium maintains the internal water pressure in the boll, thus promoting the process. Any nutrient deficiency that limits carbohydrate product can also reduce fibre length.
